Temple of Literature Hanoi: Vietnam’s First University & Symbol of Cultural Heritage

As one of the most iconic tourist attractions in Hanoi, the Temple of Literature (Van Mieu – Quoc Tu Giam) beautifully captures the intellectual and spiritual essence of the Vietnamese capital.

Founded in 1070, this temple complex once hosted Vietnam’s first university and remains a proud testament to the country's devotion to education, history, and culture.

Introduction to the Temple of Literature

The Temple of Literature Hanoi was originally built to honor Confucius and later became the Imperial Academy – the most prestigious educational institution for royal and talented commoner scholars.

Peaceful inner courtyard of Temple of Literature Hanoi, surrounded by lush trees and historical buildings

Historical Overview

Founding and Purpose

Established under Emperor Ly Thanh Tong in 1070, Van Mieu was dedicated to Confucius. By 1076, Quoc Tu Giam – the Imperial Academy – was founded by Emperor Ly Nhan Tong, marking the start of Vietnam’s long-standing commitment to Confucian learning.

Growth Through Dynasties

Ly Dynasty: Introduced Confucian education to royal circles.
Tran Dynasty: Opened university access to talented students from all social classes.
Le Dynasty: Introduced the doctoral steles in 1484 to honor successful imperial candidates.
Nguyen Dynasty: Relocated the university but preserved the temple as a heritage symbol.

Key Milestones

1484: First steles installed by Emperor Le Thanh Tong.
19th–20th Century: Restoration during and after colonial and war periods.

Architectural Highlights

Van Mieu (Confucian Temple)

This central section features altars, shrines, and meticulously maintained gardens.

Confucius altar inside the Great House of Ceremonies at Temple of Literature Hanoi, where visitors pay respect

The Great House of Ceremonies and Sanctuary of Confucius contain statues that honor Confucian philosophy and its disciples.

Quoc Tu Giam – Vietnam’s First National University

Though partially lost to time, this area once hosted classrooms and dormitories for elite scholars preparing for the imperial exams.

Khue Van Cac – The Symbol of Hanoi

Built in 1805, this elegant red-lacquered pavilion stands on stone pillars and has become a beloved symbol of Hanoi.

Khue Van Cac – the iconic red wooden pavilion and symbol of Hanoi, located within the Temple of Literature

The Doctoral Steles

With 82 steles mounted on turtle-shaped pedestals, this UNESCO-recognized collection immortalizes scholars who passed the royal exams from 1442 to 1779.

Stone steles resting on turtle sculptures at Temple of Literature, engraved with names of imperial exam laureates

Visitor Experience

How to Get There

Address: 58 Quoc Tu Giam Street, Dong Da District, Hanoi
By taxi, Grab, or local bus routes 02, 28, 32, 38, 41

Opening Hours & Tickets

Hours: 7:30 AM – 5:30 PM daily
Ticket: 70,000 VND/adult (discounts for students and children)

Best Time to Visit

Spring and autumn for ideal weather
Early mornings or late afternoons to avoid crowds

Visitor Tips

Wear modest clothing (no shorts or sleeveless tops)
Refrain from touching artifacts or climbing statues
Maintain a quiet, respectful attitude

Must-Do Activities

Stroll through the five courtyards and pavilions
Photograph iconic sites like Khue Van Cac and the steles
Read inscriptions and view relics of Confucian education

Visitors walking through the tranquil courtyards of Temple of Literature Hanoi, exploring historical architecture

Special Experience: Night Tour

Join a night tour from 6:30 PM to 9:30 PM (Wednesday, Saturday, Sunday) to experience the temple illuminated with 3D mapping shows and interactive storytelling.

Night tour with 3D light mapping show at Temple of Literature Hanoi, illuminating ancient structures with vivid visuals

Tickets are 199,000 VND for adults, 99,000 VND for children (under 1.3m), and free for kids under 1m.

Nearby Attractions

Thang Long Imperial Citadel: Ancient royal site
Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum: Final resting place of Vietnam’s founding father
Vietnam Fine Arts Museum: Showcasing traditional and modern art
Hoa Lo Prison: A sobering wartime relic
St. Joseph’s Cathedral: French colonial church with Gothic design
Dong Xuan Market: Hanoi’s largest local market for food and souvenirs

Conclusion

The Temple of Literature Hanoi is more than just an architectural wonder—it is a spiritual and cultural emblem that defines the soul of Hanoi. From its roots as Vietnam’s first university to its current status as a top tourist site, it remains a must-see on any Vietnam travel itinerary.

If you’re planning a trip, don’t miss our curated Hanoi day tours and multi-day cultural packages that include this iconic site. Contact World Mate Travel to customize your journey through Vietnam’s heritage and history.

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